Abstract:         The research aimed to study and analyze the productive reality of a sample of 35 grape growers in Balad District- Salah al-Din Governorate for the 2019 agricultural season. For production the study variables included social variables (educational level, experience, age of the farmer) and economic variables (amount of production, cultivated area, chemical and animal sky, control materials and pesticides, number of fruit trees). The results of the analysis showed that most of the economic variables were significant, and the area variable had the greatest impact on production, as the area parameter amounted to 0.380. It was found that about 0.76 of the changes that occur to production are due to economic variables, and the optimum production volume in the farms of the research sample reached (5.01) tons / dunam in When the volume of the most profitable production reached (6.96) tons / dunam, and the results of the analysis showed that the farmers of the research sample are almost close to the stage of economic production, and the study recommended the necessity of using standard and scientific methods and standards when adding production elements and conducting an analysis of the soil to determine its need of nutrients.

Abstract: Heterosis is a phenomena that have received the attention of ge‎net‎icists and researchers in the field of plant breeding and improvement, in an attempt to find out the reasons for their occurrence, their rules  and how to use them to improve plant characters and increase production. It is a phenomenon resulting from the interaction of ge‎net‎ic materials used by plant breeders in an appropriate manner to produce hybrids. The heterosis is at its peak in the first generation and then decreases in the later generations, as this phenomenon occurs in self and cross -pollinated, but it is more powerful and frequent in cross-pollinated plants, as they contain large ge‎net‎ic   varia‎nce , and that this ge‎net‎ic   mixing is the basis of their strength and vitality. The strength of heterosis is more pronounced when the ge‎net‎ic divergence between the parents involved in the hybridization is increased. In order to ensure obtaining high hybrid vigor, most sources refer to the introduction of parents with divergent ge‎net‎ic   origins 

Abstract:          The research aimed to estimate the production efficiency and the optimum economic determinants of chickpea crop farms and a sample of 40 farms in Sheikhan district and for the production season 2019, using the data envelope method and the statistical program DEAP and adopting the production quantity as a reliable variable and (cultivated area, quantity of seeds, human work hours, mechanical work hours, amount of control materials). The results showed that the average production efficiency of the research sample farms amounted to (74.8), with a minimum of (54%) and a maximum of (100%), and six farms achieved full production efficiency, which constituted (15%) of the total farms It was found that there is a discrepancy in the quantities of resources used compared to the quantities of resources that achieved economic efficiency, and this resulted in a surplus in some economic resources, and the variable size of the square occupied the largest proportion. . The researcher recommends improving the efficiency of the farmer through the optimal use of the resources used and the use of fertilizers to maintain the fertility of the agricultural soil. The researcher also recommends the need to follow scientific guidelines and results of research and practical studies, especially in Amounts of seeds used per unit area.

Abstract: To determining effect of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)and wheat germ oil(WGO) on hematological , and blood biochemical treats in rabbits buck exposed to oxidative stress, 54 animal aged 4-5 month randomly distributed into six group. Nine animals / group. as following: the first was a productive ration + tap water, the 2nd group consumption normal diet + Water with 0.04%H2O2, G3 and G5: supplemented CoQ10 100 mg/kg fodder without and with H2O2, respectively. Moreover, the G4 and G6: supplied 3 gm. WGO /kg of feed without and with H2O2 in drinking water, respectively. The results showed: No significant difference (P≤0.05) among group in the (RBC), G3 recorded a significant increase in the PCV, corresponding to a significant decrease in the MCV. The sixth group recorded increasing in the hemoglobin concentration, which led to a significant increase in the MCHC. The second treatment recorded decrease total protein, and globulin,. Regarding the lipid profile, there was a significant increase in the level of triglycerides and cholesterol with H2O2. There was a significant decrease in ALT and AST levels for the third and fourth treatments compared with the rest of the oxidative stress treatments. With a significant decrease in glucose concentration, creatinine, urea and cortisol levels.

Abstract: The nitrogen fertilizer has a critical role in the plant growth and development processes by which the plant derives nitrogen which is in one content of cells. As a key element in the formation of many compounds whereas the most important are amino acids that compose the protein. Therefore, Nitrogen considers as important for growth and plant development and consequently for the increased outcomes. The Forage grass plants respond well to nitrogen fertilization and collect about half of the nitrogen absorbed by the plant during various stages of plant grains growth. Nitrogen positively affects the photosynthesis rate by increasing the rate of chlorophyll amount in the leaves, as it is the main element in the increase and composition of the dry matter of the plant, the size and capacity of the grin, and the final crops of grains as each ton of grain crops such as maize contain about 16 kg of nitrogen. 

Abstract: The results of the study of the effect of spraying with some agricultural chemicals on the seasonal activity of T. urticae during the season 2019-2020 showed that the lowest general average of these numbers was when treated with the growth regulator Horm on 93.33 individuals/10 leaves, which differed significantly from all other spraying treatments as well as the comparison treatment (115.12 individuals/ 10 leaves) and that the lowest general average of these numbers was on 26/10 reaching 19.80 individuals/10 leaves, and the local variety was significantly distinguished in achieving the lowest average of these numbers 104.09 individuals/10 leaves compared to the GS variety (132.47 individuals/10 leaves). The spraying treatments varied between them with regard to reducing or increasing the numbers of mites on leaves tomato is the GS variety and treatment with Horm, Fylloton and Grofalex led to a decrease in the averages of these numbers compared to the treatment of the control experiment, while the role of the rest of the treatments (Appetyzer, Acadian, Grofalex + Horm) was negative in this area, as it led to an increase in the sensitivity of these plants to infection. The GS variety was significantly superior in giving the highest content of carbohydrates, phenols and flavonoids, which amounted to 0.67 g, 12.91 mg, 4.35 mg, respectively, compared with the local variety, while the local variety was significantly superior in the leaves content of proteins only (5.12 g) compared with the GS variety.

Abstract: This study examined the factors that influenced the choice of coping strategies to climate change among rural farmers in Okun Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and fifty copies of questionnaire were randomly administered on the respondents through a multi-stage random sampling technique. But only one hundred and forty-six (146) copies were retrieved and used for the analysis Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the analyses. The descriptive statistics used were frequency tables, percentages and mean, while the inferential statistic used was Multinomial Logistic regression. The results indicate that 72.60% of the respondents were male while 27.40% were female. It was discovered that 30.82% of the farmers chose fertilizer application as a measure to cope with the impact of climate change while 11.64% engaged in the planting of cover crops as a measure to cope with the changing climate. The result of the multinomial logistic regression model showed educational status, farming experience, access to credit, access to extension services, farm size, farm and non-farm incomes as well as access to climate information were among the factors that influenced farmers’ choice of coping strategies to climate change at 95% confidence interval.