STYDY HETEROSIS IN MAIZE

Abstract

Heterosis is a phenomena that have received the attention of ge‎net‎icists and researchers in the field of plant breeding and improvement, in an attempt to find out the reasons for their occurrence, their rules  and how to use them to improve plant characters and increase production. It is a phenomenon resulting from the interaction of ge‎net‎ic materials used by plant breeders in an appropriate manner to produce hybrids. The heterosis is at its peak in the first generation and then decreases in the later generations, as this phenomenon occurs in self and cross -pollinated, but it is more powerful and frequent in cross-pollinated plants, as they contain large ge‎net‎ic   varia‎nce , and that this ge‎net‎ic   mixing is the basis of their strength and vitality. The strength of heterosis is more pronounced when the ge‎net‎ic divergence between the parents involved in the hybridization is increased. In order to ensure obtaining high hybrid vigor, most sources refer to the introduction of parents with divergent ge‎net‎ic   origins