Abstract: A total of 90 common carp Cypinus carpio L. were cultured in glass aquria with average of initial weight 31 ± 2 gm/fish had been distributed randomly over five experimental diets , with three replication for each diet . The fish fed for 58 days on experimental diet which contained different rates of cottonseed cake ; Zero % (control diet , diet 1) and four diets contained 4.43, 8.7, 14.1, 16.9% of cottonseed cake of the total diet (2 , 3 , 4 and 5) respectively instead of 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of animal protein concentrate. Statistical analysis of results showed a significant differences were recorded between control diet and fish were fed at diet 4 & 5 for growth rate, relative growth rate and specific growth rate , food conversion ratio; protein efficiency ratio , protein sediment as well as protein productive value criteria , whereas there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) with fish fed at diet 1 & 2 for above criteria . It will be concluded that a possibility of replacing 50 % of animal protein concentrate by cottonseed cake without impacting on studied characteristics.

Abstract: Invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was immobilized by entrapment in carrageenan gel beads and used for sucrose hydrolysis. The immobilization efficiency was 88% when the concentration of the added enzyme was 100 unit/ml of gel and dropped to 49% upon increasing the added enzyme concentration to 500 U/ml. The immobilized enzyme remained fully active after 12 weeks of storage at 4°C. The hydrolytic activity of the enzyme was found to be influenced by temperature and pH. The preferred hydrolysis temperature was 55 °C for both the free and immobilized forms. The optimum pH was 4.5 for the free enzyme and was 4.5 – 5.5 for the immobilized enzyme. Km values for the free and immobilized invertase were 63.4 and 87.8 mM, respectively. Vmax values for free and immobilized invertase were calculated as 31.4 and 24 mM.min-1, respectively indicating lower affinity by the immobilized enzyme for its substrate and lower reaction velocity. In a continuous process using packed bed column, hydrolysis percentages of 84, 29 and 18% were obtained by using flow rates of 0.25, 1 and 2 bv/hr, respectively. On the contrary, the specific productivity was enhanced by increasing the flow rate in the column.

Abstract: This study was carried out in a private nursery in Mosul city, between February and September 2004, to investigate the effect of shading percentage, GA3 and micronutrient on chemical composition of Indian rubber plant Ficus elastica Roxb. decora plants produced by vegetative propagation. Hence, three different factors were investigated: shading at 35 and 70% from natural light, spraying with gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/ Liter were applied every 21 days, two times as foliar spray, and micronutrient at 0, 1 and 2 dosage/ week/ pot. The Factorial Experiment was conducted by using the Split-plot in Randomized Complete Block Design. Each treatment was replicated three times. The results can be summarized as follows: The shading percentage had no effect on all chemical characters studied except Fe content. Spraying with 300 mg GA3/ Liter gave a significant increase in total chlorophyll, total N % and the content of Zn, Cu and Mn when compared with the control plants, but these treatments caused a significant decrease in Fe content in leaf tissue, while carbohydrate content did not affect. Fertilization with micronutrient increased the content of anthocyanine, Zn and Cu increased to 7.19 mg/ 100g fresh weight, 79.06 mg/ kg, 14.32 mg/ kg, respectively when adding 2 dosages of micronutrient/ week/ pot compared with 6.31 mg/ 100 gm fresh weight, 71.38 mg/ kg and 10.59 mg/ kg for control respectively. In general, the interaction between 35% shading, spray with 300 mg GA3/ Liter and one dosage of micronutrient gave best results of N% and CHO%, but the best results of total chlorophyll and Anthocyanine content were in 2 dosage micronutrient/ week. Finally, higher values of Zn, Cu and Mn content were under the interaction 70% shading, 200 mg GA3 / Liter and 2 dosage of micronutrient.

Abstract: The effect of Lactation period (Infant age) on the chemical and fatty acids composition of breast milk including colostrum in Mosul city was studied. Three hundred and eighty nine normal samples of human (breast) milk of healthy lactating mothers of 17 to 46 years of age nurturing infants starting from the birthday (1st day of infants age for colostrum) until 2.5 years of age were collected from five area in Mosul city and Al-khansaa delivery hospital. Thirty of the above subjects were chosen as volunteers to give constant periodically and monthly breast milk samples for fatty acid analysis. Results show that there was an effect of lactation period on the fat, protein, lactose and ash % of the breast milk. Fat and lactose % were increased, whereas, protein and ash % decreased with lactation period. Generally, there was no significant (P

Abstract: This experiment was carried out in Mosul city, Nineveh Governorate, between February and September 2004 , to investigate the effect of shading percentage, micronutrient and GA3 on vegetative and root growth of Indian rubber plant, Ficus elastica Roxb. decora plants produced by vegetative propagation. Hence, three different factors were investigated shading at 35 and 70% from natural light, sprying with gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/ Liter were applied every 21 days, two times as foliar spray and micronutrient at 0, 1 and 2 dosage/ week/ pot. The Factorial Experiment was conducted by using the Split-plot in Randomized Complete Block Design. Each treatment was replicated three times. The results can be summarized as follows: There were no significant differences between the results of all characters which were obtained from two shading percentage except the leaf area which were significantly increased at 70% shading percentage, while root dry weight percentage was decreased. Spraying plant with 300 mg GA3/ Liter significantly increased plant length and leaf number, while leaf area decreased significantly when GA3 concentrations were increased. Fertilization with micronutrient at 2 dosages/ week gave a significant increase in plant height, internodes' length and root diameter, but root dry weight percent increased significantly when fertilized with one dosage weekly. In general, the interaction of 70 % shading , 2 dosages of micronutrient weekly and 300 mg GA3/ Liter gave significantly best results of many characters.

Abstract: The work described in this research was an attempt to through some light on the factors which govern the effect of organic fertilizers (urea, sheep manure and urea + sheep manure) and methods of K- application (surface and sub surface. application)on the K availability in calcareous soil , growth and yield of corn plants. Results revealed that the addition of organic fertilizers significantly increased dry matter and grain yield as compared to that of urea mixed with sheep manure treatment . Sub surface application of K gave ahigher growth , grain yield ,dry matter, potassium uptake, and available potassium in soil (136, 70, 84and 55%), respectively.

Abstract: Two surfaces soils horizon from calcareous soils in Mosul city classified as calciorthid with semictite dominance were chosen to study the effect of wetting and drying cycles on release of native and added potassium.Potassium was added to soil samples at rate (0,100,200,and 400 mgk.kg-1) as potassium chloride. Potassium release was determined by using Ca-resin capsules for 10 cycles of wetting to F.C and drying. Results showed that flaccuted water conten drying wetting and drying cycles increased of K-release of pedogenic and K-added to Ca-resin capsules until the tenth of wetting –drying cycle.Fine texture release more pedogenic K than coarse texture, also potassium fertilization rates with wetting and drying cycles increased of K-release to Ca-resin capsules.

Abstract: Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of KCl fertilizer on growth and yield of corn Zea mays L (Abu- Ghraib 106) was grown during the summer season of 2005 at two different locations in Sulaimani governorate. The first at Kanypanka and the second at Bazyan. KCl fertilizer was used with different rates (0, 75, 150, 225, 300 kg K+ha-1). Results indicated that the increasing of application of KCl fertilizer caused an increase in dry matter yield by an amount of 71.17% for Kanypanka location and 51.45% for Bazyan location. Grain yield was increased by the ratio of 30.17% and 55.45% for Kanypanka and Bazyan location respectively. The relative yield was 91.72 to 85.44 % for Kanypanka location and 97.00 to 65.83% for Bazyan location. The K-fertilizer response was increased from 8.27 to 41.56% at Kanypanka location while at Bazyan location was 3.00 to 34.25%. Fertilizer use efficiency ranged from 61.63 to 85.53% for Kanypanka location and from 26.60 to 54.83 % for Bazyan location

Abstract: The objectives of this research were to determine the level using of vegetable cultivators of the chemical fertilizer in Shirqat district Sallah AL-Deen province to three vegetables: Tomato, Eggplant and Okra, and to find out if differences exist in the degree of this use according to some factores, and to determine the relationship between using level and some of independent factors. The research sample included 78 respondents, the data were collected through an interview after testing the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the researcher used arithmetic mean, analysis of variance and multiple step-wise regression analysis to analyze the data. It was found that there were high level-use for 26.923% of the respondents to all vegetables, also it was found that there were significant differences in the degree of using according to factors: age, family participation, education level, years of using chemical fertilizer, degree of dependence on agricultural and social status, while there were no significant differences according to: type of land tenure and sources of information. Also, it was found that the factor years using chemical fertilizer explained 34.874% of the variation degree of level use.

Abstract: Quantity and quality of water available for irrigation vary from place to another. The evaluation of water quality has been carried out to determine suitability of spring water for irrigation. Six spring water samples were collected from the study area located in Ain Talawi area and the surrounding villages, northern Iraq. Quality assessment was made through the analysis of Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO4-2, HCO3-1, pH, TDS, and EC. Based on these analyses, parameters like sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percent, residual sodium carbonate, potential salinity, magnesium hazard and permeability index were calculated. All above parameters approximately are fit for irrigation purpose except Salinity of water which is very high due to the dissolution of gypsum in Fatha formation. It may be concluded that these spring water are suitable only for irrigating crops with high salt tolerance under special system of soil management.

Abstract: This study carried out to evaluate of substitution of soybean meal by raw common vetch seed Vicia sativa L. . A total of 96 common carp Cyprinus carpio L. with average weight 32 ± 2 gm / fish . had distributed randomly over forth experimental diets with three replication for each diet . which contain different rates of raw common vetch ; Zero % (Control diet . diet 1) and three diet contained 15%. 30 % and 45 % of a total diet (2 . 3 and 4) respectively instead of 26 % . 55 % and 80 % of soybean meal . Statistical analysis of results showed a significant differences (P > 0.05) in weight gain . growth rate . relative growth rate . specific growth rate . food conversion ratio . protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive value (PPV) between control diet and fish were fed at diet 3 and 4 . whereas there were no significant differences were recorded among fish were fed at diet 2 for above criteria except that for protein efficiency ratio . It will be concluded that possibility of replacing 26 % of soybean meal by common raw vetch (15 % of total diet) without impacting on studied characteristics with concerning growth and food utilization .

Abstract: The current work was carried out on fifteen multi-coloured male local rabbits aged 4-6 weeks old. The rabbits were allocated into three groups having a resembling mean live weights. The 1st group was fed a control ration composed of concentrated feed and fresh Lucerne (alfalfa) plants. The amount of lucerne used was represented by a quarter of the matter of the concentrated feed daily offered to the rabbits. The 2nd and the 3rd groups were fed conc. Feed as well as fresh celery and cabbage leaves for the other two groups, respectively. Throughout the feeding trial which lasted eight weeks total body gain and daily consumed feed were calculated. At the termination of the experiment, all rabbits were sacrificed and carcass measurements were taken. The findings showed that there was a significant difference (P≤0.05). between the 1st group as compared with the 2nd and 3rd groups in relation to total body weight. Also the results revealed that total concentrated feed a mount consumed was different among the three groups, with nearly similar feed conversion efficiency of all groups. There were a significant differences among the groups regarding mean hot carcass weights characters as well as fleshing percentages, considering dressing percentages and edible organ weights, there were no significant differences among the three groups. From the above results, It is advised not to add fresh celery or cabbage leaves alone to the concentrated rations of the local growing rabbits as a sole source of roughages because it may adversely affect their productive traits. therefore owing to the low crude fiber contents of celery and cabbage leaves, it is recommended to be mixed with other suitable roughages.

Abstract: This study was carried out in order to evaluate bacterial content at each thorax and thigh pieces for kinds of domestic and imported ( Turkish & Brazilian) chicken meat which stored at -18C and -22C for 150 days , this changes including bacterial total count , coliform, psychrophylic, protolytic and lipolytic bacteria were conducted each 30 days . Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in the properties of all kinds of chickens between thorax and thigh pieces at both temperatures (-18C and-22C) also there was significant decrease in bacterial content with increasing the freezing periods for all kinds of chickens and the bacterial count of the frozen samples stored at –22C less than that at -18C while the interaction effects of all the studied factors on bacterial content found to be significant.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to know the effect of biscuit processing methods on the residual content of aflatoxins B1, B2 , G1 and G2 . Biscuit samples were manufactured from contaminated dough with the above aflatoxins. Each of sodium and ammonium bicarbonate and a mixture of both bicarbonates were added during the process of the biscuits manufacture. The dough of biscuit treatments were ripen in the coventional oven , the microwaves oven or by both of them successively. The aflatoxins were identified and their concentrations were determined in biscuit products. Results showed that there were Significant (P

Abstract: Brucella melitensis was isolated from human which is the final host for this bacteria and from sheep milk, the main sourse of infection. Two isolates were obtained; isolate (1) from 23 blood speciemens taken from patients showed clinical findings of malta fever which their serum gave high agglutination titer in Rose Bengal Test, isolate (2) was isolated from 37 milk sample collected from (Mahweer, Manarat Shabbak and Bartillah) from sheep which suffered from abortion and their serum gave positive results with Rose Bengal Test. After the diagnostic biochemical tests, we found that these two isolates belonged to the species B. melitensis. Both isolates were cured in soft white cheese when flooded in a salt solution at concentrations 5 and 7.5 % and stored at 4 oC. No growth of isolate (1) was observed after 13, 11 days respectively, also no growth of isolate (2) was observed after 17, 13 days when flooded with a salt solution at concentrations 5 , 7.5 %, respectively , but there was no effect of the concentration 2.5 % on the resistant of both isolates in cheese. Both isolates were cured from soft white cheese when exposed to 50 oC for 60 minutes and 60 oC for 30 minutes. The study showed that the combination use of flooding with salt solution and high temperature in results treatment of both isolates in cheese has given an inhibitory effect on both isolates resistance in a short time when compared with the use of each factor alone. The concentration 2.5 % showed an effect on both isolates in cheese when combined with the temperature factor. The use of 50 oC with flooding with salt concentrations 2.5 , 5 , 7.5 % led to cure both isolates after 20 , 20, 10 minutes, respectively , and when 60 oC was used with the same concentrations above also led to cure both isolates at 10 , 10 , 5 minutes respectively.

Abstract: In this study different concentration of ascorbic acid was used as antioxidant(0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) from the oil weight percentage in food model system. Water content 5,10,20,30% from the dry base. Sample were kept in transparent plastic bags exposed to normal light in room temperature from march till June. The bags were completely sealed in order to restrict oxygen absorbing .Pv value was used as a criteria for autoxidation progress at storage period . Results showed that the oxidation was suppressed in the system low moisture (5%) at beginning weeks. The process was enhanced in system with high water content and ascorbic acid concentration (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4%).After one month of storage all samples unaffected in all percentage used.

Abstract: Analytical study of some climatic factors were done using meteorological station records of Hammam Al- Alil region during the period of 1967-2002.The study involved the interaction between climatic factors such as atmospheric pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, vapor pressure, saturated vapor pressure, and saturation deficit .The results showed that the annual temperature of the study area was 20.06 c , with standard deviation and coefficient of variation equal to 1.51 and 7.5% respectively . While the maximum and minimum amounts of monthly evapotranspiration were found to be 576 and 73mm during July and January respectively . Atmospheric pressure(AP) on the other hand affected by some other climatic factors such as air temperature (t) and wind velocity (wv) in knot. Also dew point (d) was affected strongly by vapor pressure (vp). Step wise procedure was used to select the best equations. Some of these equation that gave good fit are: d = 0.2151 + 0.7522 (VP) …………. Spring season d = -2.6988 0 1.0046 (VP) ………… Fall season also the correlation between relative Humidity as depended variable and some other climate factor such as dew point, Vapore pressure, air temperature and Saturation deficit as independent variables were studied.

Abstract: The experiment was conducted in Mosul University Compus which is located on eastside of Tigris River . The study was applced during the period form the beginning of March until November, 2006 in order to investigate the effects of irrigation methods (bar soil surface, covering soil surface by gravels and fitting perpendicular plastic pipes), irrigation quantities (4, 6 and 8 liters) and Irrigation intervals (2, 3 and 4 days) on growth characters of Robinia pseudoacacia L . The factorial experiment was conducted according to Randomized Complete Block Design and used Duncan method to comper the treatments means. At the end of experiment the following characters were tested, survival percentage, diameter growth increment, height Growth increment and branches number increment. and the most importment results were as follows: 1) The fitting of perpendicular plastic pipe , quantity of irrigation (8) litters and the shorter irrigation interral gave the best results in case of all studied characters . 2) The following interaction (perpendicular plastic pipe and 8 liters), (perpendicular plastic pipe and each 2 days irrigation) and (8 liters and 2 days irrigation) gave the best results in the case of all studied characters as comper with the other interactions . 3) Due to the tripple interaction among the studied factors; the interaction of (perpendicular plastic pipe and 8 liters and 2 days) gave the best results of all studied characters as comper with the other tripple interaction.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to use remote sensing data and Geographical information systems as a modern tools in the study of natural resources in Bashiqa area to prepare accurate data base to suggest an afforestation plan to establish suitable different plantations for production purpose of the industrial woods, fixing the soil and processing the erosion soil in study area as well as in the first stage of this study three thematic maps were prepared to representing landforms , land use / land cover classes and gully erosion as well as physical and chemical properties of the soil . In the second stage the studied area was divided into 4 sites according to site elements analysis of the first stage. The ecological and climatic requirements for forest types were studied and suggested an afforestation plan included the selection of (32) species of the coniferous and broad leaves, ( 2) species are regional and others are exotic to Iraq. Several agricultural methods were proposed for the four sites of the studied area.

Abstract: Two pot experiments ware carried out at the college of Agric and Forestry , Mosuel Univ ,in summer growing season of 2000 to determine the allelopathic effect of Sorghum halepenses on seed germination and growth of Sesamum indicum , Vigna sinensis , Solanum melongena , Cucumis melo Reticulatus .While second experiment had to investigate the allelopathic impact of Cyperus esculentus , Glycyrrhiza glabra , Helianthus annus Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Citrus rotundus on seed germination and rhizomes growth of S.Halepenses.Data was subjected to the convertional analysis of complet Randomized Design C.R.D. Results indicated that the plumule , radical and seedling dry weight of different species had inhibited when it treated with the aqueous extraction of S.Halepenses rhizomes if it compared with with leaves vegetative extraction . On the other hand , the leaves of Citrus rotundus , Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Helianthus annus Were significantly effect on seed germination of S.halepenses . Root extraction of Glycyrrhiza glabra had stimulated effect and increased the plumule length and dry weight of S.halepenses while Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Citrus rotundus leaves had inhibitor effect on growth of S.halepenses .

Abstract: Five entries of durum Wheat (1- Azul-5 2- Yousef-1 3- Omgenil-3 4- Syrian-4 5- Mrb3/mna-1) in addition to local cultivar (Um-Rabeeh) and their hybrids were used. The studied characters were number of days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of grains/spike, number of spikes/m2 , biological yield , grain yield, harvest index, 1000-grain weight and protein percentage. Entries were significantly different at 1% level for all traits. Phenotypic and genetic coefficient variation vounes were low for numbers of days to 50% flowering , number of spikes/plant , grain yield and protein percentage , medium for plant height , number of grains/spike, biological yield and harvest index and high for 1000-grain weight . Expected genetic advance values were low for number of days to 50% flowering, 1000-grain weight and protein percentage, high for grain yield and medium for the other traits . The cross (Syrian-4 × Azul-5) exhibited significant heterosis in desirable direction for plant height, biological yield and grain yield , while the cross (Um - Rabeeh×Yousef-1) had significant and positive heterosis for protein percentage .

Abstract: Five entries of durum Wheat (1- Azul-5 2- Yousef-1 3- Omgenil-3 4- Syrian-4 5- Mrb3/mna-1) in addition to local cultivar (Um-Rabeeh) and their hybrids were used. The studied characters were number of days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of grains/spike, number of spikes/m2 , biological yield , grain yield, harvest index, 1000-grain weight and protein percentage. Entries were significantly different at 1% level for all traits. Phenotypic and genetic coefficient variation vounes were low for numbers of days to 50% flowering , number of spikes/plant , grain yield and protein percentage , medium for plant height , number of grains/spike, biological yield and harvest index and high for 1000-grain weight . Expected genetic advance values were low for number of days to 50% flowering, 1000-grain weight and protein percentage, high for grain yield and medium for the other traits . The cross (Syrian-4 × Azul-5) exhibited significant heterosis in desirable direction for plant height, biological yield and grain yield , while the cross (Um - Rabeeh×Yousef-1) had significant and positive heterosis for protein percentage .

Abstract: Field experiment was conducted during spring season in 2005 at two locations: AL-Hamdania and AL-Quba to study the effect of four plant population (33333 , 41700 , 55600 and 83333 plants ha-1),on growth, yield and quality of three sunflower cultivars (Coban , Peredovik and Iraqi flower), using randomized complete block design with three replication. The results showed that superiority of head diameter, no. of seeds / head, wt. of 1000 seeds, fertility percentage and linoleic acid percentage with 33333 plants ha-1, while plant population 55600 plants ha-1 was superior in seed and oil yield for both locations. Peredovik variety was significant for most studied characters except linolenic acid percentage. The interaction of 55600 plants ha-1 with Peredovik cultivar gave a higher value on seed and oil yield, which increased up to 3.25 and 1.49 ton ha-1 in AL-Hamdania and up to 3.21and 1.5 ton ha-1 in AL-Quba location respectively.

Abstract: This study was conducted on grapevine showed decline symptoms and it was carried out in Ninava grapevine on (Shadda –Sudai) cv. The study indicated that the grapevine decline was caused by Curvularia lunata Ellis and its Telomorph stage Pleospora sp. C. lunata culture filtrate was purified by gel filtration ,TLC and calorimetric analysis by using spectrophotometer showed that C. lunata secreted two types of toxin whose wave length were 260-290 nm the two toxins showed different toxic effect to the grapevine