Abstract: This research aimed to study the effect of pruning severity, soil application of chicken manure, and foliar application of Kare Combi on productivity and quality of the Zaitouni grape (Vitis vinifera L.), during growing seasons 2021, using a Randomized Complete Design with three replications. Winter pruning with three levels (4, 6, and 8 buds.vine-1) was done in the 2nd week of march, chicken manure was added to the soil with three levels (0, 3, and 6 kg.vine-1), and foliar application of Care-combi with three concentration (0, 6 and 12 mg.L-1). The results showed that No of clusters, counterweight yield per vine as well as TSS, total sugar percentage, and Anthocyanin content, were increased significantly by pruning, chicken manure, and foliar application of kare-combi as compared with control, concerning the interaction, the best results were with the interaction of 4buds.cane-1+6 kg.vine-1 chicken manure+ 12 mg.L-1 Kare-combi for cluster’s weight, TSS % total sugar %, and anthocyanin content, while the best interaction for the number of clusters per vine and total yield per vine resulted from the interaction of 8 buds.cane-1+6 kg.vine-1 chicken manure+ 12 mg.L-1 Kare-combi.

Abstract: The quantity and quality of the macro- and micronutrients, such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium, Sulphur, iron, zinc, boron, and molybdenum, are crucial for agricultural production. The effectiveness of employing these fertilizers does not surpass 5% of the additive, despite the fact that these nutrients can be obtained from a variety of sources using chelating fertilizers and minerals, as well as addition techniques. By using alternative fertilizers to conventional fertilizers that are both environmentally responsible and highly effective, such as nano-fertilizers, it is better and important to diminish supplement misfortune during preparation and work to increment crop efficiency. As it manages materials and designs whose aspects range from 1-100 nm, nanotechnology is one of the contemporary technologies that has demonstrated good benefits in many domains, including agriculture, medicine, engineering, and energy. It was found that adding nano-fertilizers to the peanut crop (P, K, Ca, S, Fe, Zn, B, Mo) stimulated and accelerated growth as well as boosted production of this crop of pods and seeds.

Abstract: This study was designed to demonstrate the effect of using different levels of naringin and hesperidin on some blood and biochemical indicators and antioxidant status in aged broiler roosters. To achieve this goal, the birds were randomly distributed into six treatments as follows: The first treatment without any feed additions (NC). The second supplemented with vitamin E (20 IU per kg of feed) (PC). The third and fifth treatments received an addition of (250 mg/kg of feed) of both hesperidin and naringin, denoted as HS1 and NA1 respectively. The fourth and sixth were treated with an addition of (500 mg/kg of feed) of hesperidin and naringin, labeled as HS2 and NA2 respectively. The study aimed to investigate blood characteristics, certain biochemical indicators. When compared to treatments HS1, HS2, NC, and PC, the NA2 treatment clearly outperformed them in MCH and MCV. In comparison to the other treatments, the PC treatment showed a significant increase in (Hb), (PCV), and (TRBC). HS2 and NA2 treatments reduced WBC compared to NC. The hesperidin and naringin treatment resulted in lower quantities of glucose, cholesterol, and Malondialdehyde. Additionally, HS2 and NA2 showed improvement in activity of the enzymes GOT and GPT, and glutathione concentrations. Conclusions derived from the study's findings imply that the addition of hesperidin and naringin enhanced the birds' immunological capacities. This improvement was followed by a possible decline in glucose and cholesterol levels, which may have resulted from an increase in liver functioning and antioxidant status.

Abstract: This study combines three of the most common bird species in both Iraq and the rest of the globe. This type of study demonstrates the degree of genetic convergence between these species. Blood samples from chicken, Guinea fowl, and quail were used in this study.  The Four hundred and fifty birds are divided into 150 birds per species. Blood from a bird was sampled.  The DNA samples' purities varied from 1.8 to 1.9. the (22) Gen Script USA primers are used. Overall, all of the primers produced (340) bands, 95 of which were polymorphic, with the maximum number of bands belonging to the OPA-20 and the lowest number of bands to the OPA-13. OPA-12 had the highest percentage (50.0), though. Primer OPA-20 has the widest molecular weight range (100- 1500 bp). Guinea fowl have a greatest number of bands overall (131), while quail reported the highest polymorphic bands overall (12) and polymorphism percentage (11.8). The maximum genetic similarity is found between chicken and quail (0.608), it is obvious that the genetic differences between the three groups are greatest between the Guinea fowl, quail and smallest between the quail and the chicken.

Abstract: This study was conducted in the Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Mosul from 3/4/2022 to 3/2/2023, by using forty Awassi ewes aged between 3-5 years and with an average weight of (42 kg). The ewes were distributed into two groups depending on the structure of growth hormone genes (AA,AG) to study the effect of genetic structure on milk yield and composition by using  PCR-RFLP technique. The growth hormone gene was detected by amplifying the gene based on the genome primer.  The number of ewes that are born and have AA genotype were 17ewes, while those have AG gene and were 7 ewes only. Results revealed that ewes that have AA structure of growth hormone gene produced more milk significantly (p ≤ 0.01) the total milk yield during 90 days was 25.19 kg as compared with those that had AG structure for growth hormone which was 19.48 kg. This increase in milk production was accompanied with increase in milk fat significantly at the first and third months of lactation period. Otherwise, the other milk components of protein, lactose and solid non-fat were not affected by the difference in growth hormone genotype. We conclude from the results in this study that the genotype of growth hormone has an important role in causing changes in the amount of milk produced and its fat content in the local Awassi ewes, and this has an additional effect on the growth of lambs and its ability to survive to the weaning.

Abstract: Two lines of brown-colored Ukrainian (U) and local (L) quails, as well as cross (U×L) and reciprocal cross (L×U), were produced in the Agricultural Research Department's fields between March 1, 2023, and June 1, 2023. The purpose of the study was to determine the productive and genetic performance of these genetic groups. Over a period of eight weeks, the various birds' performances were evaluated using the: CEW g, HDP% and FCR (g feed/g egg mass). Moreover, estimates were also made of the genetic distance and similarity between the male and female of the groups. Therefore, the results were showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the Ukrainian quails and reciprocal cross (L×U) in the CEW (589.37 and 560.25) g and HDP (74.86 and 72.77) %, and a significant improvement (P < 0.05) in FCR (4.38 and 3.93) g feed/g egg mass) compared to the local quails and crossbreeding (U×L) quails. The genetic similarity between males and females of crossbreeding (U×L) is highest (0.8537), while that of local males and females of reciprocal cross (L ×U) is lowest (0.5244). while the genetic distance results supported the foregoing, with the local males and females of reciprocal crossbreeding (L ×U) having the highest genetic distance (0.6455) cM and the males and females of crossbreeding (U×L) having the least genetic distance (0.1582) cM.

Abstract: The identification and characterization of Bacillus spp. will provide insights into the potential sources of contamination and contribute to developing effective prevention measures. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate and diagnose the prevalence of Bacillus spp. contamination of locally produced juices, as well as to evaluate the antibacterial ability of honey against Bacillus spp. One hundred random samples were collected from juices locally made in different places like Ta'meem, Al-Andalus, Al-Ramadi Market, Al-Mal'ab, and Al-Sufaya. Various agricultural media were used to isolate strains of Bacillus spp. and determined based on biochemical and cultural characteristics. Additionally, to assess the antibacterial properties of honey, samples were used at (75, 50, and 25%) dilutions and undiluted. The results showed that different species of Bacillus spp highly contaminated the locally produced juices. The most prevalent species were B. cereus, B. subtilis, and other Bacillus spp. the most contaminated types of juice were grape and banana juices. The results also showed that natural honey exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against B. cereus. At the same time, it didn’t affect B. coagulans and B. sphaericus. The findings will help raise awareness about the quality of juice products in the region and provide insights into potential public health risks associated with Bacillus spp. contamination. Honey can be used instead of other medications to treat various diseases, particularly those brought on by bacteria resistant to antibiotics.

Abstract: The influences of oak inclusion into the diet of ruminants on performance, feed digestibility, milk production and blood metabolites are reviewed herein. Oak as an alternative and available feed are being utilized in many parts of the world, especially in areas suffering from a shortage of feed ingredients. It is evident that different oak species have different impacts on various animal species. Oak fed at low levels in the diet may not affect digestibility, but when they are fed at high level may lead to lessen the digestibility of dry matter. Adding oak products may improve the daily milk yield of goats. Feeding oak acorns and leaves to growing goat kids might not been accompanied by significant improvement in daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio, while when feeding adult sheep on high level of dietary oak, it may result in lowered daily weight gain. Different oak species produce different amounts of tannins, which after ingestion by animals, act to form complexes with the proteins of diet, this may lead to lower digestibility of nutrients or may beneficially affect to positive flow of amino acids into abomasum and small intestine by reducing the protein degradability in the rumen. Thus, the extent of the impact of dietary oak on ruminants’ performance depends on the species of both animals and oak, and the level of oak being used in the diet.

Abstract: Wheat is one of the most strategically essential crops in the world and one of Iraq's most important crops.The objective of the present study was to analyze energy and examine the application of a multilayer perceptron for predicting wheat yield production in the Kirkuk governorate. The research data were collected with a face-to-face inquiry made with the farmers at two fields that include the types of equipment used for the production of wheat, the number of hours worked, fuel, oil, workers, and the style of agricultural processes for the wheat crop production. The research results showed that total energy consumption in wheat was 13315.21 and 29016.27 MJha-1, while the output energy was 24867.5 and 88641 MJha-1 for the first and second fields, respectively. Seed and diesel fuel consumption are considered essential variables in wheat plantation operations, its the highest input energy values being the relative values of 30.2 and 61.97 %. These variables impacted wheat operation from 2021 to 2022 at 4020 and 17982.44 MJha-1 for the first and second fields, respectively. Finally, the results concluded that the neural network model helps predict wheat production—the neural network architecture 7-4-1 and 5-7-1 for the first and second field systems. The research shows that the trained models produced a minimum error, indicating that the test model can predict wheat yield production in the Kirkuk governorate.

Abstract: Due to the increasing demand for ornamental plants in general and roses in particular in the world in different seasons, a study was conducted on the rose plant Rosa damascene Mill. In a private farm in the governorate of Dohuk, Iraq for the growing season 2020-2021. The main objective of the study was to test two forms of covering used in greenhouses and compare that with open field cultivation, in addition to testing two forms of fertilizer added to improve plant growth: the traditional compound fertilizer NPK (17:17:17) dissolved in irrigation water and two levels of slow-release fertilizer NPK (SRF) (20:10:10 + SO3 7.5%) in two concentrations: 5 and 10 g. The vegetative and flowering characteristics of the plant have been studied during the growing season. Using both covering with one layer and two layers of polyethylene positively affected on most of the vegetative and flowering characteristics. The use of different fertilization treatments had a positive effect in improving most of the vegetative and flowering characteristics of the plant. Moreover, the NPK fertilization treatment recorded the best results in the characteristics of the number of branches for the autumn season. Furthermore, the number of leaves and leaf area for the autumn and spring seasons, while the NPK-SRF2 fertilization treatment recorded the best results in each trait flowering period for the autumn and spring seasons. In addition, the characteristic of the number of flowers in the spring season.

Abstract: This study is conducted to find out the effect of genetic transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC13332 on the anatomical features of Eruca sativa. Stem explants and leaves were inoculated by direct injection of A. rhizogenes. The results indicated the high response of E. sativa, as the percentage of hairy roots formation was 95.3% for leaves. Callus was successfully initiated from hairy roots on both Murashige-Skoog (MS) and Woody plants (WP) media containing (0.4 and 0.5 mg. L-1 thidiazuron(TDZ). Shoot regeneration occurred spontaneously. Also, the callus originated from hairy roots showed ability of shooting. Genetic transformation was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Alterations in anatomical structure of stems and leaves in transformed plants were observed. Transgenic plants' epidermal cell thickness was 14.3 µm rather than 12 µm. There are nine vascular bundles in regenerated plants that are open collateral vascular bundles. The palisade tissue thickness of transformed leaves was 96 µm, while 66 µm in non-transformed. It is clear that the genetic transformation led to anatomical changes of this medicinal plant.