Abstract: The present study aims basically at an assessing of the knowledge of rural women in food industries domain. The research also aims at specifying the relationship or differences between rural woman knowledge and the independent related variables. Women in the two villages of Al-Shraikhan and Qubba in Nineveh governorate. Random sample representing 10% data were collected by using questionnaire (a test method) prepared specially to asses the knowledge of rural women in this domain, the first part consists of independent variables, while the second consists a test to measure rural women knowledge level in food industries domain which consists (16) items regarding with different food industries . After testing its validity, reliability was measured using half spilt half method. Data then were analysized by using statistical tools: Mean, person coefficient, Man -wittny, and Stepwise Regression. The results showed that 83.33% of rural women have middle to high level knowledge, the results also showed that the knowledge level of the respodens in food industries domain was not related to: age, family level of education, family previous work, and number of family members working in food industries. The level of the respodens, standard of living, and sources of information depended on in that particular domain

Abstract: The aim of this study was to know the attitudes of agricultural officials working in Nineveh agriculture directorates toward working in agricultural extension and to study some variables which affect on attitudes by founding correlation between the attitudes of the agriculture officials as a dependent variable and some personal and vocational characteristics which are: Academic qualification, A profesional status, growing, official service period, specialty, degree of readiness to work in agricultural extension, pre-training in agricultural extension. The number of studuil sample was 106 agricultural official and the data were collected through questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by using some statistical methods: means and percentage weight and chi-square (x2) to found relation between dependent and independent variables. The results showed that 9.433% of respondents were of negative attitudes towards working in agricultural extension, 78.301% were neutral attitudes and 12.266% of respondents were of positive attitudes. The results also showed a presence of positive significant correlation between attitudes of respondents and some independent variables which are: Academic qualification, A optional status, growing, official service period, specialty, degree of readiness to work in agricultural extension, pre-training in agricultural extension.

Abstract: The objectives of this research were to determine the educational requirements of Honey bee breeders in Mosul district, to determine the differences of these requirements according to some variables, and to recognize the problems which are facing honey bee breeders in Mosul district. The research population consisted of all Honey bee breeders in Mosul district/ Nineveh Governorate that is 120 breeders. A random sample of 80 breeders representing was selected, and data were collected through measuring tool consisted of three parts: the first was to measure the independent variables, the second part consisted of 42 items while the third one consisted of 10 problems were face honey bee breeders. Educational requirements were measured by using Borich model . Data were analyzed by using: means median, mann-whitney test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that 77.5% of the respondents were medium educational requirements, and the highest educational requirements was in honey domain while the lowest was in honey bee environment management, also the results showed that no significant differences were exusted in educational requirements according to age, communication level with information resources, mean honey production in the year, occupation kind. While there were significant differences according to educational, bee breeding experience, participation in training related with bee breeding, number of a pairy cells, a pairy kingship. The results also showed that the highest means to the problems which faced Honey bee breeders were: bee exposing to varwa and bee wax exposing to wax butterfly. The research also consisted some conclusion and recommendations.

Abstract: Two experiments was carried out in the nurseries of College of Agriculture and Forestry at University of Mosul , Mosul / Iraq, during the growth period 2007. The first was to study the effect of apricot seeds at soaking in three concentrations of GA3 (0 ,500 and 100 ) mg GA3.l-1 for 24 hors on speed and seed germination. The second experiment to study the effect of apricot seeds at soaking in three concentrations of GA3 solutions(0 ,500 and 100) mgGA3.l-1 for 24 hors and using fertilizers (NPK) as solutions for fertilizer dissolved in water and at three levels (0, 100 and 200) mg NPK.l-1 and spraying the transplants with a mix of GA3 and Kinitin1:1: at concentration levels of (0,150 and 300 ) mg .l-1 besides studying the interactions between the investigated factors. The results briefed that soaking apricot seeds with 500 mg GA3.l-1 significantly increased the germination percentage, while soaking with 1000 mg GA3.l-1 resulted in a significant increase in the speed of germination, height and diameter of transplants, root length, leaf seedlings area and dry weight of vegetative and root system. Fertilizing with NPK significantly increased the growth of the transplants especially at the concentration 200 mg NPK.l-1 which led to a significant increase in the studied characteristics. Foliar spraying with 300 mg .L-1 with the mix of GA3:Kinitin led to the increase in height and diameter of transplants, root length, leaf area of transplants and dry weight of vegetative and root system. The dual interaction between the investigated factors showed an obvious significant impact in producing apricot rootstocks that are appropriate for autumn budding especially with the treatment of 1000 mg GA3 .l-1 + 200 mg NPK .l-1 +300 mg (GA3: Kinitin .l-1) that led to an increase in height and diameter of transplants and leaf area of transplants.

Abstract: Factorial experiment was carried out on the nurseries of the College of Agriculture and Forestry at University of Mosul /Iraq. During the growth period 2007 to study the impact of apricot seeds at soaking in three concentrations of gibberellic acid 0,500,100 mg GA3/l for 24 hors, fertilization with (NPK) fertilizers as solutions at three levels 0,100,200 mg NPK.L-1 and spraying the transplants with a mix of gibberellic acid and Kinitin 1:1: at three concentration levels of 0,150,300 mg.L-1 besides studying the interactions between the investigated factors. The results are briefed that soaking apricot seeds with 1000 mg GA3.L-1, fertilizing with NPK especially at the concentration 200 mg NPK.L-1 and Foliar spraying with the mix of gibberellic acid and Kinitin at 300 mg .L-1 resulted in a significant increase in the number of leaves ,leaf surface area, number of branches and concentration of chlorophyll and N,P,K elements in the leaves. For maximizing the growth of Apricot rootstocks , it is advised to the treatment of (1000 mg GA3 .L-1 + 200 mg NPK .L-1+300 mg (gibberellic acid : Kinitin .L-1) that led to an increase in number of leaves and concentration of NPK elements in the leaves.

Abstract: This research was conducted in Horticulture laboratories/College of Agriculture and Forestry/Mosul University during 2005 and 2006 seasons. The study included three concentrations of IAA (0, 30 and 60 mg.l-1) and kinetin (0, 2 and 4 mg.l-1) as a quick dip to "Tamopan" cv. Scions before budding on "lotus" kaki rootstocks seedlings planted in the beds on15th September. It was obvious from the results that treatments with IAA and kinetin resulted in a higher buddings success as compared with control treatment, and scions treated with IAA and kinetin at the concentration (60 and 4 mg.l-1) respectively resulted in the highest buds intakes (75%) and improved the subsequent growth of scions. Besides, IAA and Kinetin treatments improved vegetative and root growth of the scions.

Abstract: The experiment was conducted in Al-Athar nursery in Nineveh governorate ,to improve growth of Nephroleps plant Nephrolepis exaltata L. for producing it as a pot plants , by treated plants with growth retardants : Alar at concentrations 0 , 100 , 200 mg/liter and pacllopetrazol at 3 , 6 mg/liter as a drench to potting medium or spraying on foliage (vegetative growth) .The results showed that plants treated with paclobetrazol at 3 mg/liter gave significantly best resulted of fronds length ,while using 6 mg/liter paclobetrazol gave significantly best result in leaflet per fronds ,least both concentration of paclobetrazol used were significantly decreased total chlorophyll content in fronds using growth retardants .Plant treated by growth retardants drench or spraying did not gave significantly results. Finally ,plant drench treated with paclobetrazol at concentration 6 mg/liter gave significantly highest result in fronds numbers, leaflets /fronds ,fronds area ,while total chlorophyll content was decreased to minimum at the alone.

Abstract: This a study was applied on forty 40 sites, 20 twenty of them in northern mosul soil and the other 20 in Baghdad region soils ,The different in the sites of sampling was taken into account for respect of available iron to plant and also different some chemical and physical characters for the soils. The object was to use technique of Neural Networks to find out mathematics model use to estimate the various variable iron for Mosul and Baghdad soils depending on some soil characteristics (Total-Fe, pH, OM, CaCO3, Sand, Silt, Clay) which were used as inputs for the assumed Neural Networks model to get deficient estimation for available iron in soil. The results of Neural Networks application was very good in terms of available iron Estimation depending of soil character signed above. Statistical analysis using linear Regression analysis between the suggested network output and the real data of available iron of soil samples indicate a very good relation ship. Coefficient of determination ( R2 = 0.95 ) , This indicate the efficient generalization of suggested artificial Neural Networks model in the soil of mid and northern of Iraq .

Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate well water and lower Zap stream water quality for irrigation and other uses Eleven representation wells were chosen besides samples were taken from the lower Zap. Water samples were taken during two periods 10/9/2009 and 12/4/2010. The results indicated that the classes of water varies between (C3-S1) to C1-S3 according to the W.S salinity laboratory classification, besides the dominated cations and anions were sodium, calcium, chloride, and sulphate, therefore most of these wells may cause problems for soil and plant and this water should be used under special management , The result of this study indicated that the water of these wells can not be used for domestic and industrial purpose because of high (TDS) except of the well No.(11) . On the other hand the quality of lower Zap water was better as compared to the other wells water in the same region.

Abstract: The present study was carried out to investigate the potassium status at soils of some agricultural expansion regions western of Iraq , and classify these soils according to its nutrition storage .To achieve the study aims , ten regions cultivated with wheat for a period not less than five years and similar in the soil management techniques had been selected. These are distributed in a way that ensures the inclusion of the majority of agricultural expansion regions of the governorate of Al-Anbar. Namely Al-Qiam, Haditha, Al-Baghdady, Hit, Thirthar, Al-Habanya, Km 98 Oasis, Fehadi Oasis, Horan Oasis, Kishety Oasis. The selected regions were morphological descripted and classified than soil samples were taken from every horizon to determination some physical,chemical and mineralogical properties.The results could be summarized as following :- Water soluble-K values of studied soils were ranged from 0.004 – 0.019 C mol.kg-1, while the exchangeable-K values were ranged from 0.193 – 0.559 C mol.kg-1 . It is noticed that there was a gradual decrease in the soil content of form with depth .With respect to the soil content of the non-exchangeable-K its values were ranged from 0.332-0.878 C mol.kg-1. In addition, these soils were characterized by high mineralogical-K content, which was compose 96.06% from the total-K, where as the total-K is ranged from 29.78 – 31.41 C mol.kg -1. 1- The soil fertility evaluation according to its content of available-K showed that most studied soil regions had high content of potassium that can be absorb by plant. More than half of the studied regions were classified as highly storage-K soils which were able to be released, while other regions were classified as low storage-K, according to the used world classification.

Abstract: Twenty four Awassi ewes with an average body weight of (55 kg) (4) year old were divided into 3 groups each of 8 ewes and fed for 50 days on one of 3 rations to study effect of sodium bicarbonate on milk secretion and composition in lactating Awassi ewes. All groups were fed rations consisted mainly of barley. wheat bran and soybean meal. The first group (control) was fed without sodium bicarbonate. while groups (2 and 3) were fed with different levels of sodium bicarbonate (1.5 and 3) respectively. Levels of protein and energy were similar in the 3 rations. The results revealed no significant differences in average daily milk production. milk lactos and milk protein. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in milk fat content when use sodium bicarbonate (6.18, 6.30, 7.10 %) .milk lactos yield (21.74, 26.77, 30.11 %) . milk fat yield (23.49, 27.45, 34.56 %) and milk protein yield (15.80, 18.19, 20.41%) for the three treatments respectively. Moreover. the results showed that levels (1.5, 3) of sodium bicarbonate had a significant effect (P

Abstract: Fifteen Awassi lambs with average body weight 41.5kg were ditributed into 5 groups each of 3 lambs to study the effect of restricte of feeding of dry matter or drymatter and energy by 10and 20% of and – libtum feeding on national digestiblity, some rumen lupers parameters and blood charactaristics. Results indicated that restricted feeding of dry matter (T2 & T3) and dry matter and energy (T4 & T5) had a significant (p

Abstract: The study was carried out in the farm of the poultry, college of agriculture & Forestry, Mosul university to study the effect of using different organic compounds to detoxification local common vetch for broiler chickens, 160 one day old chicks (cobb) were used distributed into four treatments, (40 chicks/ treatment) the first is control (without vetch), the second treatment contained 20% raw vetch, the third treatment contained 20% raw vetch added 20gm S. cerevisiae/Kg feed and the fourth treatment contained 20% raw vetch added 5 mg activated charcoal/Kg feed. All treatments are isocaloric and isonitrognous. The toxic effect of the vetch were reduced by adding S.cerevisiae to the ration in the third treatment, which is represented by significant increase in live body weight (4 and 7 weeks), improved feed intake and feed conversion efficiency, a significant decrease in the total mortality percent and this finally leads to a significant improvement in production index compared to the birds which fed the raw vetch ration. Also adding S.cerevisiaa to ration were significantly reduced the relative weights of liver, it is revealed that adding the activated charcoal to ration containing 20% vetch had no detrimental effect on detoxification of common vetch.

Abstract: Fourty awassi lambs were used in this experiment, which was divided into 5 groups each of 8 lambs, with average body weight ranged between ( 31.13- 31.79 Kg). The first group (T1) was fed ( ad- libitum) on ration consisted mainly of barely, wheat barn and soyabean meal. Dry matter intake was restricted by 10% and 20% of ad- libitum feeding in the second (T2) and third (T3) groups. While dry matter and energy intake were restricted by 10% or 20% of ad-libitum in the fourth (T4) and fifth (T5) groups respectively. All groups of lambs were fed for 85 days. At the end of the experiment all the lambs were slaughtered. Results indicated that there were no significant differences between treatments in final body weight ( 45.14- 49.59 Kg), total body weight again ( 13.36- 17.81 Kg) and average daily gain ( 0.175- 0.210 Kg). The results also indicated that the average coefficient of feed conversion was 9.02, 6.92, 7.24, 8.45 and 8.26 Kg/kg of feed respectively for all groups. No significant differences were noted in hot and cool carcass weight , dressing percentage, rib-eye area and fat thickness. Results of physical dissection showed no significant difference between treatment in the meat, fat and bone percentage of the three ribs area (9- 10- 11). Also, results of chemical analysis of meat showed that the treatment had no significant effect on moisture, fat, protein and ash percentage

Abstract: This study included two flocks of Awassi (106) and Hamdani (73) ewes belongs to the Animal Resources Department College of Agriculture and Forestry at Mosul University. and another flock of Awassi ewes (127) belongs to the Animal Husbandry Station General Directorate of Applied Agriculture Researches at Rashidia Region during 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 seasons. The studied traits were daily milk yield (DMY) and some of its physical traits at fixed intervals 15 days post lambing for 5-6 months. Also wool yield (WY) and some of its physical traits were studied during the two seasons. The results revealed a highly positive significant correlation (p≤ 0.01) between (DMY) and ewe weight. a highly positive significant correlation (p≤ 0.01) between fat percentage with both protein and lactose percentage. between protein and lactose percentage in Awassi ewes. There was a positive significant correlation (p≤ 0.05) between (DYM) and ewe weight. and a highly significant correlation (p≤ 0.01) between fat and protein percentage. between protein and lactose percentage in Hamdani ewes. While the rest of the relationships were negative or non significant in both breeds. There were a highly significant correlations (p≤ 0.01) between greasy fleece weight (GFW) and all wool traits and ewe weight. also between clean fleece weight (CFW) with all wool traits. between clean wool (CW) with both staple length (SL) and fibre length (FL). between (SL) and (FL) in Awassi ewes. In Hamdani ewes all the relations were non significant except for (GFW) with both (CFW) and (CW). between (CFW) and (CW). between (SL) and (FL) were highly significant (p≤ 0.01). Repeatability estimates for milk traits in Awassi ewes were low to high (0.015-0.785) while in Hamdani ewes were low to moderate (0.052-0.400). Repeatability estimates for wool traits were low to high in Awassi and Hamdani ewes (0.013-0.785) and (0.206-0.749) respectively.

Abstract: This study was conducted on Awassi and Hamdani sheep belongs to flock of Agriculture and Forestry College, Mosul University during the productive season 2009. The study included 57 Awassi ewes and 17 Hamdani ewes, and 67 , 22 lambs of two breeds, respectively . The overall means of daily milk yield (DMY), fat, protein, lactose and solids not-fat percentages were 563.43 gm , 6.93 , 5.47, 4.46 , and 10.78%, respectively . The mean body weight at birth (BW) , weaning (WW) and six months (6W) of age were 3.53 , 25.47 and 28.00 kg, respectively . Total gain of weight from birth to weaning (GBW) and from weaning to six months (GW6) were 21.94 and 2.05 kg, respectively . The effect of breed was significant only on DMY and fat percentage . The breed affect (BW), (6W) and (GW6) were significant . The sex and type of birth have significant influence (p

Abstract: This study was conducted by using 24 Awassi ewe , 2-5 years aged, with average body weight 61.75 kg. The ewe were randomly divided into three groups each of eight. Ewe in each group received 1.5 kg/ dry matter of three rations consist mainly of barley, wheat bran, soybean meal and wheat straw . The first group was fed on control ration ( T1 ) ,while 3.5% of sunflower oil were inclusion in the rations of the second ( T2 ) and third (T3 ) groups, with supplement 0.5 g/ ewe / day vitamin E to the feed of ( T3 ). Results showed that the treatments had no significant effect on average body weight, milk production, lactose and protein percentage in milk. Milk Fat percentage was significantly decreased ( P < 0.05 ) in T2 4.55% than T1 5.96%. Also milk energy value lowered significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in T2 3.96 MJ/ kg than T1 4.50 MJ/ kg. Rumen liquor pH before feeding was increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in T2 which was 6.8 as compared with T1 6.34, while after 5hr of feeding, pH value of rumen liquor was increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in T3 6.2 as compared with T1 and T2 5.8 and 5.65 respectively. Ammonia concentration in rumen liquor and blood parameters was not affected by experimental treatment.

Abstract: Fleece traits have an economic importance in sheep, and they are influenced by fiber traits. The age of sheep and body region which samples are taken have an importance on the traits studied. The study involved 24 Awassi ewes aged 3 to 6 years at college of Agriculture region. To study the effect of age and samples taken from different regions of the body (Shoulders, Back and tail) on some physical and chemical wool traits greasy fleece weight, clean fleece weight, clean wool percentage, staple length, fiber length, crimps, wax percentage and determination of wool pH. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using General liner model (GLM), (SAS) program . The results revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect of age on staple length 11.694±0.536, 9.472±0.445, 10.083±0.480 and 10.227±0.503cm on for the ages 3, 4, 5, 6 years respectively. with no significant effects on other traits . There was a highly significant. (P ≤ 0.01) effect of shoulder region on crimps and wool pH 1.640±0.065, 1.581±0.079, 1.332±0.050 crimp / cm and 10.297±0.433, 9.417±0.120 , 10.145±0.55 respectively.

Abstract: The effects of ultrasound power at 35 KHz & 160 W on rheological properties of starch, wheat and triticale flours pastes were studied in the presence or absence of malt or malt extraction. Results showed that using of ultrasound for 1, 2 and 3 hours increased amylographical maximum resistant for the all tested samples. The treatment also increased the starch resistance against amylases activity which retained more than 75% of starch resistance declined by amylases. The results also showed that the production of reducing sugar decreased as a result of ultrasound treatment, but this effect disappeared when the treated starch paste was heated to the temperature of amylographical maximum resistance.

Abstract: This study has been carried out in the nursery of Forestry Department.College of Agriculture and Forestry in location of Mosul University. during the period from the beginning of February till the end of December, to investigate the effect of different light percentage, Gibberellic Acid concentrations and its spraying dates in spring and fall on some growth characters of Pinus halepensis Mill. Seedlings.The following characters have been studied : Survival percentage, Main stem length, Main stem diameter, Number of branches per seedling, Main root length, Main root diameter. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. There is a significant effect of light percentage on characters and light percentage ( %) caused significant increase in all character means . 2. Plant spraying with ( 60 mg/L) of gibberellic acid caused significant increase characters means except survival percentage . 3. Gibberellic Acid spraying in spring and fall caused significant increase in characters . 4. The best triple interactions which caused increase in all character means in Spraying of Gibberellic Acid at concentration of ( 60 mg / L ) at two dates with light percentage ( 25%) .

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to use Landsat TM data to prepare Thematic Formulas for estimating the changes occurred in upper-ground biomass of Pinus brutia forestry north Iraq represented by Acra, Atroosh and Zaweeta plantations during 1989-2001. The study adopted the formula: Y=23.5591+2.10785x10.723153+22.9213(x2/100)8.5607 to estimate the Biomass where Y is total wet weight of the study samples, x1 represents the reflectance values of the vegetation cover in band3 of TM sensor, while x2 represents the reflectance values of vegetation cover in band4 TM. The study revealed that there is a progressive in biomass in large number of samples within the plantation area that is range between (0.086028-19.021487) ton/hectare and this result represent a big range of change in biomass depending basically on the environments parameters because the studied plantations are distributed widely comprising Acra, Atroosh and Zaweeta which characterized by different topography and aspects in addition to the bad human activities that affected the progressive and growth of plantations, and this has been cleared by the descending of growth in some sites of the study area.

Abstract: The study aimed at evaluating the genetic variability resulting from the treatment of chick peas seeds variety Gab 5, by different concentration of gamma rays / 50, 100 and 150 / kr. The seeds planted throw seasons 2005-2007 and the end of the first general selection of 2008 some of the distinct plant in the mutation generation forth M4 for some important indicators same maturity and the number of pods, the number of seeds and seeds weight and the weight of 100 of seed / plant and the high one of the first flower of the earth's surface, When compared with the witness, which was planted single agricultural in season 2009 was to cut a separate and writing notes had been written during the vegetative growth at the end of the second general selection was the application of individual selection of the distinctive and promising pure from piece of each pilot. we were obtained pure in M5 surpassed the number of pods and the number and weight of seed / plant and the length plant and the percent protein in seeds from to parents.

Abstract: The overall aim of this research was to Study the productivity efficiency of some durum wheat entries in the meddle region of Syria (Zone 2). The experiment was conducted over two consecutive seasons ( 2006/07 and 2007/08) at Hama city, Syria. In both seasons, three local varieties (Cham5, Cham1, Doma1) and 47durum wheat entries wheat were planted randomized complete block design with three replicates was used. In both seasons, data were collected an grain yield, yield components, plant height, flag leaf length, flag leaf area and flag leaf weight. There were significant differences in grain yield between entries. ACSAD 1229, ACSAD 1253, ACSAD 1231, ACSAD 1255 and ACSAD 1223 were superior to local varieties in terms of grain yield during the two seasons. The results showed a big role for flag leaf length and flag leaf area to increase productivity and a positive influence in increasing weight seeds in spike.

Abstract: This research was carried out at three different regions in Ninevah governorate to study exploitation of agricultural technology criteria in potato production process during 2008. The study included three different mechanization systems in planted areas, Running Cost, Human Effort, Fuel Consumption, Capital Activity, Relative Cost & Machinery Degree. The results showed that the least values of ten production operations registered in the first system for properties of Running Cost (853.27) Dollar/hectare & Fuel Consumption (118.5) L/hr, while the first system showed the highest value in Capital Activity (2.1) & Machinery Degree (73.63%). The highest planted area (the third system) registered the least values in Human Effort (60.84) man.hr/hectare & Relative Cost (38.38%) properties.

Abstract: The results of studying the effect of tropical storage periods on acidity percentage of five insecticides Chlorpyrifos .Alphacypermethrin .and mixture of Chlorpyrifos and Cypermethrin .Malathion and Methomyl,showed that increasing the tropical storage periods leades to increase the acidity percentage of emulsifiable insecticides and the mean values of their acidity reached 0.322,0.275,o.265% for the mixture of Chlorpyrifos and Cypermetherin, Alphacypermetherin, and Chlorpyrifos respectively in comparison with the control which reached 0.049,0.037, 0.049% respectivley, while the acidity percentage of wettable powder insecticides reached 0.019,0.004% for malathion and methomyl as compared with the control 0.001,0.008% respectively.

Abstract: The result showed that optimum temperature for maximum activity of Chitinase was 25 Cº with 2.74 unit/µm/min. while optimum pH for maximum activity Chitinase was 5 with 2.25 unit/µm/min . Significant activities of chitinase was produced by T. harzianum in culture media amended with fresh mycelium of M. phaseolina , where the releasing of reducing sugar N-acetylglucosamin was 280 µg/ml which Significantly differ from T. harzianum culture media amended with fresh and dry mycelium of R.solani and F.solani where the releasing of reducing sugar N-acetylglucosamin was 200 µg/ml. Production of chitinase using a medium containing chitin reached 40 µg/ml . Maximium chitinase inhibition activity, purified by ammonium sulphate, was recorded for M. phaseolina mycelium growth 47.03% , which Significantly differ with of R.solani and F.solani where the inhibition activity was 35.18 and 33.33% respectively

Abstract: The application of the new method for calculating the synergism and potentiation percentage of Milkthistle plant oil (Silybum mariamum L.) and Piperonyl butoxide which used as an activator to increase the toxicity of deltamethrin 2.5% EC. against Tribolium confusum Duval, showed that the activation percentage piperonyl butoxide to Deltamethrin reached 2.8, and this activation was by synergism only because piperonyl butoxide is not toxic, while the total activation percentage to deltamethrin produced by Milkthistle oil reached 3.12, and the synergism percentage from total activation percentage reached 2.85 and the potentiation reached 0.27. The previous results proved that calculating the synergism of toxic activator compound by using Metcalf equation is not correct because it calculate the total activation instead of synergism percentage .

Abstract: The present research aimd to study the effect of temperatures (25 . 30 0C) and rice varieties (Americani. Pakistani. Anber. Chini. Indi. Argantini and Thailandi) and grain situations (complete grain . crushed grain and flour) and effect of storage period (2 . 4 and 6 month) on the population density of sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera : Silvanidae) with reproductive rate and loss weight . The results showed that the temperatures had a significant effect on the population density with general average of 51.30 and 59.34 insects and loss weight 1.38 and 1.87 gram and reproductive rate 1.13 and 1.33 for temperatures 25 and 30 0C. respectively. Anber variety had a higher susceptibility have other varieties with significant differences were its general average were (60.59 and 65.53 insects) for the two temperatures. respectively. According to grain situations. the crushed grains was more infested by the insect and in loss weight from complete and broken grain . It was clear significant for storage period with a significant effect on the population density of insect and the general average numbers of insects were 14.93. 39.10. 99.86 insects at 25 0C and 18.03. 47.09. 112.91 insects at 30 0C for the storage period of 2 . 4 . 6 months . respectively .

Abstract: Two isolates of biocontrol agent Trichoderma spp involved a mutant isolate Trichoderma harzianum Thk20 and Trichoderma viride were used in this study Results revealed the ability of two isolates in inducing systemic disease resistance in cowpea plants against root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica throughout increasing the activity of peroxidase, polyphenoloxidas and chitinase enzymes in cowpea roots. Isolates Thk20 caused highest activity of peroxidase 1.83 unit/g f.w. and polyphenoloxidase 5.58 unit / g f.w comparing with other treatments, at the same time this isolate did not differ significantly with the other isolate and the treatment (M. javanica + T. viride) where enzyme activity were 5.12 and 5.21 unit / g f.w respectively . The treatment (M. javanica + Thk20) caused the highest activity of chitinase enzyme in cowpea roots with 10.74 unit / g f.w followed by (M. javanica +T. viride), Thk20 and T. viride in which enzyme activity was 7.45, 5.34 and 5.23 unit / g f.w respectively.