Abstract
This study was conducted at Ashawa resort in northern Iraq. including quantitative characters of vegetation grown in four aspect surrounding Ashawa resort with two elevation.The studied characters were (covering, relative covering, density, relative density, wet and dry weight, dry mater, plant height, frequency, relative frequency, Importance value, composition percentage).The results of grasses and herbs showed that the first level gave significantly a higher values of the traits (covering, density, wet and dry weight, grasses%, legumes%, richness, Shannon index, simpson index, homogeneity and carrying capacity) than the second level, while the second level of trees and shrubs gave significantly a higher values of the traits (covering, density, wet and dry weight, Shannon index, simpson index and homogeneity). The east aspect was significantly difference in the characters of grasses and herbs (covering, wet and dry weight, other herbs and carrying capacity), while the south aspect was significantly difference in (density and legumes%), no significant difference between north and west aspect in (richness, Shannon index, simpson index and homogeneity) was shown. As for trees and shrubs, the east aspect was significantly superiority of these qualities (density, richness. Shannon’s and Simpson’s diversity indices). The north aspect was superiority of these characteras (covering and homogeneity), while the south aspect was significantly superiority from the other aspects in (wet and dry weight). Through this study of the general covering it was shown that there were significant differences between aspects and elevations.
