Abstract
This study was done in Molecular Biology and Plant Tissue Culture labs at the research center, College of Science, Duhok University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from August 2021 to September 2023. Shoot tips were used as an explanation in this study. Optimal sterilization was achieved when 70% (v/v) ethanol was used for 2 minutes, then explants were soaked in 2.5% (v/v) of NaOCl for 20 minutes. The better medium for initiation was MS supplied with 1.0 mgL-1 BA + 0.05 mgL-1 of NAA, which increased shoot number to (2.60), BA at 2.0 mgL-1 + NAA at 0.5 mgL-1 gave (2.60) number of nodes. At the multiplication stage, a combination of BA at 6.0 mgL-1 + NAA at 1.0 mgL-1 produced the best numbers (2.50) shoots/ explant, the highest number (2.06) of nodes produced on (MS) medium contained both BA at 2.0 mgL-1 + NAA at 2.0 mgL-1. However, there was no significant difference between MS and WPM media regarding multiplication rate. In vitro, roots were developed when WPM contained 0.5 mgL-1 IBA. An autoclaved mixture of peat moss and loam at a ratio (1:0.5) (v: v) was used for plant acclimatization with an 80- 85 % survival rate. Twenty-four SRAP primers were used to test the uniformity and stability of micro-propagated plants. No polymorphism was found, indicating the genetic stability of micro-propagated plants.
